Hello Bethany, Gustaf Haglund born 20 Dec 1847 in Västra Vingåker and your ancestor Gustaf Haglund were NOT the same man. The other Gustaf lived nearly all of his life in Västra Vingåker until 1923, when he moved to Lilla Malma where he died in 1925. He never emigrated to the US, although a few of his children did. So the other trees at Ancestry which list him as the father of your ancestor Carl John Haglund are wrong. Sources are listed below.
You also asked if Britta Johnson in the 1885 Minnesota state census record was the mother of your ancestor Gustaf Haglund's wife Christina. This is possible, however Brita instead might have been Gustaf's mother. This is difficult to prove and it's also difficult to determine from where in Sweden they came, because the surname "Johnson" is very common, but here are some census records which support this theory.
1880 US Census, Carver County, Minnesota (where Gustaf and Christina were married in 1883)
Name Brita Johnson
Age 70
Birth Date Abt 1810
Birthplace Sweden
Home in 1880 Carver, Carver, Minnesota, USA
Dwelling Number 122
Race White
Gender Female
Relation to Head of House Self (Head)
Marital Status Widowed
Father's Birthplace Sweden
Mother's Birthplace Sweden
Occupation Keeping House
Gustaf Johnson
Age 30
Birth Date Abt 1850
Birthplace Sweden
Home in 1880 Carver, Carver, Minnesota, USA
Dwelling Number 122
Race White
Gender Male
Relation to Head of House Son
Marital Status Single
Father's Birthplace Sweden
Mother's Name Brita Johnson
Mother's Birthplace Swe
Occupation Carpenter
Minnesota, U.S., Territorial and State Censuses, 1849-1905
Name Brita Mary Johnson
Age 64
Census Date 1 May 1875
County Carver
Locality Carver
Birth Location Sweden
Gender Female
Estimated Birth Year abt 1811
Race White
Father's Birth Location Sweden
Mother's Birth Location Sweden
Line 40
Roll MNSC_5
Here in the 1870 US Census possibly is Brita living in Scott County, which you probably know is next to Carver County. There's also a Gustaf Johnson a few lines down, however this Gustaf was born about 1844 so I don't think he is Britta's son.
Name Britta Johnson
Age in 1870 60
Birth Date abt 1810
Birthplace Sweden
Dwelling Number 89
Home in 1870 Belle Plaine, Scott, Minnesota
Race White
Gender Female
Post Office Belle Plaine
Occupation At Home
Father of Foreign Birth Yes
Mother of Foreign Birth Yes
Cannot Write Yes
Name Peter Johnson
Age in 1870 65
Birth Date abt 1805
Birthplace Sweden
Dwelling Number 89
Home in 1870 Belle Plaine, Scott, Minnesota
Race White
Gender Male
Post Office Belle Plaine
Occupation RR Laborer
Father of Foreign Birth Yes
Mother of Foreign Birth Yes
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Födelse- och dopböcker, SE/ULA/11076/C/10 (1847-1861), Image 18, #168
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Husförhörslängder, SE/ULA/11076/A I/13e (1846-1850), Image 138, Page 130
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Husförhörslängder, SE/ULA/11076/A I/14e (1851-1855), Image 140, Page 129
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Husförhörslängder, SE/ULA/11076/A I/15e (1856-1860), Image 143, Page 133
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Husförhörslängder, SE/ULA/11076/A I/16e (1861-1865), Image 127, Page 134
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Husförhörslängder, SE/ULA/11076/A I/16e (1861-1865), Image 128, Page 135
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Husförhörslängder, SE/ULA/11076/A I/17e (1866-1870), Image 129, Page 135
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Husförhörslängder, SE/ULA/11076/A I/17d (1866-1870), Image 269, Page 263
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Husförhörslängder, SE/ULA/11076/A I/18e (1871-1875), Image 130, Page 132
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Husförhörslängder, SE/ULA/11076/A I/19e (1876-1880), Image 132, Page 132
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Husförhörslängder, SE/ULA/11076/A I/19e (1876-1880), Image 133, Page 134
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Husförhörslängder, SE/ULA/11076/A I/20e (1881-1885), Image 127, Page 132
Västra Vingåker Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Husförhörslängder, SE/ULA/11076/A I/20e (1881-1885), Image 126, Page 131
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Husförhörslängder, SE/ULA/11076/A I/21e (1886-1890), Image 128, Page 136
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Husförhörslängder, SE/ULA/11076/A I/22e (1891-1895), Image 138, Page 148
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Församlingsböcker. Bunden serie, SE/ULA/11076/A II a/1 e (1896-1899), Image 155, Page 1332
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Församlingsböcker. Bunden serie, SE/ULA/11076/A II a/2 f (1900-1905), Image 223, Page 1449
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Församlingsböcker. Bunden serie, SE/ULA/11076/A II a/3 e (1906-1910), Image 252, Pager 1995
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Församlingsböcker. Bunden serie, SE/ULA/11076/A II a/4 e (1911-1915), Image 246, Page 1995
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Församlingsböcker. Bunden serie, SE/ULA/11076/A II a/5 f (1917-1922), Image 243, Page 1914
Västra Vingåkers kyrkoarkiv, Församlingsböcker. Bunden serie, SE/ULA/11076/A II a/6 g (1922-1930), Image 211, Page 2551
Lilla Malma kyrkoarkiv, Församlingsböcker. Bunden serie, SE/ULA/10834/A II a/6 (1914-1925), Image 168, Page 166